Uveal melanoma is a type of cancer that affects the eye. It is a rare form of melanoma that develops in the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye. It is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults and can occur in both eyes. Symptoms of uveal melanoma include blurred vision, flashes of light, and floaters. Treatment options include radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy.

Common symptoms of uveal melanoma include:

- Blurred vision

- Flashes of light

- Floaters

- A dark spot or growth on the iris

- A change in the shape of the pupil

- Pain in the eye

- Redness in the eye

- Loss of peripheral vision

The exact cause of uveal melanoma is unknown. However, some risk factors have been identified, including:

• Family history of uveal melanoma

• Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
• Having light-colored eyes
• Having a large number of moles
• Having a history of sunburns
• Having a history of chronic inflammation of the eye
• Having a history of certain eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa or ocular melanocytosis
• Having a history of certain genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 or BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for uveal melanoma. It involves removing the tumor and some of the surrounding tissue.

2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It can be used to treat uveal melanoma that has spread to other parts of the body.

3. Photodynamic therapy: Photodynamic therapy uses a light-sensitive drug and a special type of light to kill cancer cells.

4. Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy uses drugs to boost the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer.

5. Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules in cancer cells. This can help stop the growth and spread of cancer.

1. Light skin color
2. Family history of uveal melanoma
3. Ocular melanocytosis (a condition in which there are increased numbers of melanocytes in the eye)
4. Previous radiation therapy to the eye
5. Older age
6. Male gender
7. High levels of sun exposure
8. Certain genetic mutations, such as BAP1, EIF1AX, and SF3B1

At this time, there is no cure for uveal melanoma. However, there are treatments available to help manage the disease. These include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Additionally, medications such as interferon and immunotherapy may be used to help slow the progression of the disease.