Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is a rare condition in which abnormal connections (called fistulas) form between the pulmonary arteries and veins in the lungs. These connections allow oxygen-rich blood to bypass the normal route of circulation through the lungs, resulting in a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood. Symptoms of PAVM can include shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin). Treatment for PAVM typically involves closing the abnormal connections with a catheter-based procedure.

The most common symptoms of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation (PAVM) are shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, chest pain, and a rapid heart rate. Other symptoms may include coughing up blood, a bluish tint to the skin, and swelling of the face, neck, and arms. In some cases, PAVM can cause a Stroke or a brain abscess.

The exact cause of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the possible causes include:

• Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations have been linked to PAVM, including mutations in the ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4 genes.

• Congenital heart defects: Congenital heart defects, such as atrial septal defect, can increase the risk of developing PAVM.

• Blood vessel abnormalities: Abnormalities in the structure of the pulmonary arteries and veins can increase the risk of PAVM.

• Exposure to certain medications: Certain medications, such as birth control pills, can increase the risk of PAVM.

• Exposure to radiation: Exposure to radiation, such as radiation

The primary treatment for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is embolization, which is a minimally invasive procedure that blocks off the abnormal blood vessels. This procedure is usually done with a catheter that is inserted through a vein in the groin and guided to the abnormal vessels in the lungs. Other treatments may include surgical resection, laser ablation, or radiofrequency ablation. In some cases, medications may be used to reduce the risk of complications from PAVM.

1. Hereditary conditions such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
2. Congenital heart defects
3. Lung diseases such as pulmonary hypertension
4. Smoking
5. Exposure to radiation
6. Certain medications
7. Certain genetic mutations

Yes, there are treatments available for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Treatment options include embolization, surgical resection, and radiofrequency ablation. Medications such as anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents may also be prescribed to reduce the risk of clot formation.