At this time, there is no known cure for primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Your doctor will be able to discuss the best treatment options for your individual case.

1. Age: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma is more common in people over the age of 50.

2. Gender: Men are more likely to develop primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma than women.

3. Family history: Having a family history of neuroendocrine tumors increases the risk of developing primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

4. Liver disease: People with chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis, are at an increased risk of developing primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

5. Exposure to certain chemicals: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as vinyl chloride, may increase the risk of developing primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

The treatment for primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and/or immunotherapy. Surgery is the most common treatment for PHNEC and may involve removing the tumor and some of the surrounding tissue. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor before or after surgery. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy may also be used to help slow the growth of the tumor.

The exact cause of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) is unknown. However, some risk factors have been identified, including:

• Chronic liver disease

• Cirrhosis

• Alcohol abuse

• Exposure to certain chemicals, such as vinyl chloride

• Genetic mutations, such as those associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)

• Certain medications, such as tamoxifen

• Radiation exposure

• Obesity

• Diabetes

• Smoking

The most common symptoms of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) include abdominal pain, jaundice, weight loss, fatigue, and nausea. Other symptoms may include fever, dark urine, light-colored stools, and itching. In some cases, PHNEC may cause a mass or lump in the abdomen, which can be felt during a physical exam.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) is a rare type of cancer that affects the liver. It is a type of neuroendocrine tumor, which means it is made up of cells that have features of both nerve cells and hormone-producing cells. PHNEC is usually slow-growing and can be difficult to diagnose. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.