Microform holoprosencephaly is a rare congenital brain malformation that is characterized by incomplete separation of the brain's hemispheres. It is caused by a failure of the embryonic forebrain to divide into two distinct hemispheres. Symptoms of microform holoprosencephaly can include facial abnormalities, seizures, intellectual disability, and motor delays.

The symptoms of Microform holoprosencephaly can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:

- Seizures

- Developmental delays

- Intellectual disability

- Abnormal facial features, such as a single central incisor, a small nose, and a flat midface

- Abnormal head shape

- Poor muscle tone

- Poor coordination

- Vision and hearing problems

- Abnormalities in the brain, such as a small or absent corpus callosum

- Abnormalities in the heart, lungs, and kidneys

Microform holoprosencephaly is caused by a genetic mutation or a disruption in the normal development of the brain during the early stages of pregnancy. It can be caused by a variety of genetic mutations, including those that affect the SHH (sonic hedgehog) gene, the ZIC2 gene, and the TGIF gene. It can also be caused by environmental factors, such as exposure to certain toxins or infections during pregnancy.

Treatment for microform holoprosencephaly is typically supportive and may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and special education services. Medications may be prescribed to help manage seizures, and surgery may be recommended to correct any structural abnormalities. In some cases, a feeding tube may be necessary to ensure adequate nutrition.

1. Maternal diabetes
2. Maternal obesity
3. Maternal advanced age
4. Maternal exposure to certain medications or environmental toxins
5. Maternal infection during pregnancy
6. Family history of holoprosencephaly
7. Chromosomal abnormalities
8. Genetic mutations

Unfortunately, there is no cure for microform holoprosencephaly. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and providing supportive care. Medications may be prescribed to help with seizures, muscle spasms, and other symptoms. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy may also be recommended to help with development.