Hashimoto Encephalopathy is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the brain. It is caused by an antibody called anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) that attacks the thyroid gland. Symptoms of Hashimoto Encephalopathy can include confusion, memory loss, seizures, and changes in behavior. Treatment typically involves the use of steroids and other immunosuppressant medications.

The symptoms of Hashimoto Encephalopathy can vary from person to person, but the most common symptoms include:

-Headaches

-Confusion

-Memory loss

-Personality changes

-Depression

-Anxiety

-Seizures

-Tremors

-Loss of coordination

-Fatigue

-Muscle weakness

-Visual disturbances

-Speech problems

-Hearing loss

-Sleep disturbances

The exact cause of Hashimoto encephalopathy is unknown. It is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. It is thought to be triggered by an infection or other environmental factor. Other possible causes include genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and exposure to certain medications.

The primary treatment for Hashimoto Encephalopathy is corticosteroids, such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation in the brain. Other treatments may include immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine, to reduce the body’s immune response, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to reduce the body’s production of antibodies. In some cases, plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) may be used to remove antibodies from the blood. In addition, anticonvulsants may be prescribed to control seizures, and other medications may be used to treat specific symptoms.

The risk factors for Hashimoto Encephalopathy include:

1. Age: Hashimoto Encephalopathy is more common in adults over the age of 40.

2. Gender: Women are more likely to develop Hashimoto Encephalopathy than men.

3. Ethnicity: People of Asian descent are more likely to develop Hashimoto Encephalopathy than other ethnicities.

4. Family history: People with a family history of autoimmune diseases are more likely to develop Hashimoto Encephalopathy.

5. Thyroid disease: People with an underlying thyroid disorder, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, are more likely to develop Hashimoto Encephalopathy.

There is no known cure for Hashimoto encephalopathy, but medications can be used to manage the symptoms. These medications include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and anticonvulsants. It is important to work with a doctor to find the best treatment plan for your individual needs.