Buerger's disease (also known as thromboangiitis obliterans) is a rare inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that primarily affects the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. It is characterized by inflammation and clotting of the blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue damage. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and discoloration of the affected area. The cause of Buerger's disease is unknown, but it is believed to be related to smoking. Treatment typically involves quitting smoking, medications to reduce inflammation, and surgery to remove the affected blood vessels.

The main symptoms of Buerger disease are Pain and Inflammation in the feet and hands, usually in the toes, fingers, and lower legs. Other symptoms may include:

- Painful ulcers on the fingers or toes

- Discoloration of the fingers or toes

- Loss of feeling in the fingers or toes
- Coldness in the fingers or toes
- Numbness in the fingers or toes
- Weakness in the hands or feet
- Poor circulation in the hands or feet
- Tissue death (gangrene) in the fingers or toes
- Swelling in the feet or hands
- Difficulty walking or standing

Buerger disease is caused by inflammation and narrowing of the blood vessels in the arms and legs. It is believed to be caused by smoking, although other factors such as genetics, autoimmune disorders, and infections may also play a role.

1. Quitting smoking: This is the most important treatment for Buerger disease. Quitting smoking can help reduce inflammation and improve blood flow.

2. Medications: Medications such as aspirin, clopidogrel, and pentoxifylline can help reduce inflammation and improve blood flow.

3. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to remove blocked or damaged blood vessels.

4. Exercise: Regular exercise can help improve circulation and reduce inflammation.

5. Diet: Eating a healthy diet can help reduce inflammation and improve overall health.

6. Alternative therapies: Alternative therapies such as acupuncture, massage, and yoga can help reduce inflammation and improve circulation.

1. Smoking: Smoking is the most significant risk factor for Buerger disease. People who smoke are much more likely to develop the condition than those who do not.

2. Gender: Buerger disease is more common in men than in women.

3. Age: Buerger disease is most common in people between the ages of 20 and 40.

4. Ethnicity: Buerger disease is more common in people of Middle Eastern, Asian, and Mediterranean descent.

5. Family history: People with a family history of Buerger disease are more likely to develop the condition.

There is no cure for Buerger disease, but medications can be used to help manage symptoms. These medications include anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulants, and vasodilators. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove blocked arteries.