Brachydactyly type A1 is a form of brachydactyly, which is a condition characterized by shortening of the fingers and toes. In type A1, the middle phalanges of the fingers and toes are short and the distal phalanges are normal.

The most common symptoms of Brachydactyly type A1 are short, stubby fingers and toes, and a shortening of the middle phalanges of the fingers and toes. Other symptoms may include a shortening of the metacarpals and metatarsals, a wide gap between the first and second toes, and a wide gap between the thumb and index finger.

Brachydactyly type A1 is caused by a genetic mutation in the gene that codes for the protein fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). This mutation results in the abnormal development of the bones in the hands and feet, leading to the characteristic shortening of the fingers and toes. Other causes of Brachydactyly type A1 include environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, as well as certain medical conditions.

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for Brachydactyly type A1. This involves lengthening the affected finger or toes by cutting the bone and inserting a metal rod or other device to hold the bone in place while it heals.

2. Splinting: Splinting is another treatment option for Brachydactyly type A1. This involves wearing a splint on the affected finger or toe to help keep it in a straight position.

3. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve range of motion and strength in the affected finger or toe.

4. Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy can help improve the ability to perform daily activities with the affected finger or toe.

5. Orthotics: Orthotics can be used to help support the affected finger or toe and improve its function.

1. Family history of Brachydactyly type A1
2. Maternal diabetes
3. Maternal smoking
4. Maternal alcohol consumption
5. Maternal drug use
6. Maternal exposure to radiation
7. Maternal exposure to certain medications
8. Maternal malnutrition
9. Maternal obesity
10. Maternal age over 35

There is no cure for Brachydactyly type A1, but there are treatments available to help manage the condition. These treatments include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and splinting. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed to help reduce pain and inflammation. Surgery may also be an option for some people with Brachydactyly type A1.