Bladder exstrophy is a rare birth defect in which the bladder is abnormally exposed on the outside of the body. It is caused by a failure of the abdominal wall to close properly during fetal development. The bladder is usually malformed and the urethra may be split in two. Other associated abnormalities may include a split pubic bone, a short penis, and a wide gap between the rectum and the bladder. Treatment typically involves reconstructive surgery to close the bladder and reconstruct the abdominal wall.

The exact cause of bladder exstrophy is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some research suggests that it may be caused by a disruption in the development of the baby in the womb, such as a disruption in the normal folding of the abdominal wall. Other possible causes include a genetic mutation, a problem with the baby's hormones, or a problem with the baby's immune system.

1. Surgery: The primary treatment for bladder exstrophy is reconstructive surgery. This surgery is typically done in stages, beginning in infancy and continuing through adolescence. The goal of the surgery is to reconstruct the bladder and close the abdominal wall.

2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is important for bladder exstrophy patients to help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and improve bladder control.

3. Medications: Medications may be prescribed to help relax the bladder and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections.

4. Catheterization: Catheterization may be necessary to help empty the bladder and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections.

5. Dietary Changes: Dietary changes may be recommended to reduce the risk of bladder irritation and urinary tract infections.

1. Family history of bladder exstrophy
2. Genetic mutations
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
5. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy
6. Low birth weight
7. Premature birth

Yes, there is a cure for bladder exstrophy. The most common treatment is a reconstructive surgery called a bladder closure. This surgery is usually done in two stages and involves reconstructing the bladder and closing the bladder wall. Medications may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms such as pain and urinary tract infections.