Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of normal folds in the brain (lissencephaly) and a distinctive facial appearance. It is caused by a mutation in the RELN gene, which is responsible for the production of the protein reelin. Symptoms of this disorder can include intellectual disability, seizures, and difficulty with movement and coordination.

The symptoms of Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type, can vary from person to person, but may include:

- Seizures

- Developmental delays

- Intellectual disability

- Poor muscle tone

- Abnormal facial features

- Abnormal head shape

- Abnormal brain structure

- Abnormal EEG

- Abnormal eye movements

- Abnormal breathing patterns

- Feeding difficulties

- Poor growth

- Abnormalities of the hands and feet

- Abnormalities of the heart and other organs

Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type is caused by a mutation in the ARX gene. This gene is responsible for the production of a protein that is essential for normal brain development. Mutations in this gene can lead to a wide range of neurological problems, including lissencephaly. Other causes of lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type include chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy 13, and certain genetic syndromes, such as Miller-Dieker syndrome.

1. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength, coordination, and range of motion.

2. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help improve fine motor skills, such as hand-eye coordination, and help with activities of daily living.

3. Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help improve communication skills.

4. Nutritional therapy: Nutritional therapy can help ensure that the individual is getting the proper nutrition.

5. Medications: Medications can help control seizures and other symptoms.

6. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to correct certain physical abnormalities.

7. Assistive technology: Assistive technology can help improve communication and mobility.

8. Genetic counseling: Genetic counseling can help families understand the condition and the risks associated with it.

1. Mutations in the LIS1 gene
2. Maternal diabetes
3. Maternal exposure to certain medications or toxins
4. Maternal infection during pregnancy
5. Advanced maternal age
6. Family history of the disorder
7. Chromosomal abnormalities

Unfortunately, there is no cure for Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type. However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms. These include anticonvulsants to help control seizures, muscle relaxants to help with muscle spasms, and medications to help with sleep and behavior. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy can also help improve the quality of life for those with the condition.