Lesch-Nyhan disease is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). It is characterized by neurological and behavioral problems, including mental retardation, self-injurious behavior, and involuntary movements. People with Lesch-Nyhan disease often have an increased risk of kidney stones and gout. There is no cure for the disorder, but treatments can help manage symptoms.

The main symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan Disease include:

-Developmental delays
-Impaired motor skills
-Involuntary movements
-Self-injurious behavior, such as biting or hitting oneself
-Urinary tract problems
-Gout
-Kidney stones
-Seizures
-Speech problems
-Behavioral problems
-Learning disabilities

Lesch-Nyhan Disease is caused by a mutation in the HPRT1 gene, which is responsible for producing an enzyme called hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down purines, which are molecules that are essential for the production of DNA and RNA. Without this enzyme, purines build up in the body, leading to the symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan Disease.

The treatments for Lesch-Nyhan Disease include:

1. Medications: Medications such as allopurinol, which helps reduce the amount of uric acid in the body, and enzyme replacement therapy, which helps replace the missing enzyme in the body, can help reduce the symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan Disease.

2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength and coordination, as well as help with mobility.

3. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to correct any physical deformities caused by the disease.

4. Dietary Changes: A low-purine diet can help reduce the amount of uric acid in the body.

5. Speech Therapy: Speech therapy can help improve communication skills.

6. Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy can help improve daily living skills

1. Being male: Lesch-Nyhan Disease is an X-linked recessive disorder, meaning it is passed down from mother to son.

2. Family history: If a family member has the disorder, there is an increased risk of passing it on to future generations.

3. Ethnicity: Lesch-Nyhan Disease is more common in certain ethnic groups, such as Ashkenazi Jews.

There is no cure for Lesch-Nyhan Disease, but medications can help manage some of the symptoms. These medications include allopurinol, which helps reduce the amount of uric acid in the body, and enzyme replacement therapy, which helps replace the missing enzyme in the body. Other medications may also be prescribed to help manage pain, seizures, and other symptoms.