Late-onset distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs type is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy) of the muscles in the hands and feet. It is caused by a mutation in the GNE gene, which is responsible for the production of an enzyme involved in the production of sialic acid. Symptoms usually begin in adulthood and may include difficulty walking, hand weakness, and foot drop. There is currently no cure for this disorder, but physical therapy and other supportive treatments may help to improve muscle strength and function.

The symptoms of Late-onset distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs type, include:

- Muscle Weakness in the hands and feet
- Difficulty walking
- Difficulty with fine motor skills such as buttoning a shirt or writing
- Muscle cramps
- Muscle twitching
- Fatigue
- Difficulty climbing stairs
- Difficulty with balance
- Foot drop
- Loss of muscle mass in the hands and feet

The exact cause of Late-onset distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs type is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) have been identified in some cases. Other potential causes include exposure to toxins, such as lead, and certain medications.

The treatments for Late-onset distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs type, are largely supportive. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further progression of the disease. This may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy to help maintain muscle strength and function. Medications may be prescribed to help reduce muscle spasms and pain. Assistive devices such as canes, walkers, and wheelchairs may be recommended to help with mobility. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to help improve mobility and reduce pain.

1. Age: Late-onset distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs type, typically affects individuals over the age of 50.

2. Gender: This condition is more common in males than females.

3. Genetics: Mutations in the GNE gene are associated with this condition.

4. Ethnicity: This condition is more common in individuals of European descent.

5. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain toxins or chemicals may increase the risk of developing this condition.

At this time, there is no known cure for Late-onset distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs type. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further progression of the disease. Medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and physical therapy may be used to reduce inflammation and improve muscle strength. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding strenuous activities and maintaining a healthy diet can help to reduce symptoms.