Idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a rare kidney disorder in which the kidneys are unable to respond to steroid treatment. It is characterized by the presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria), swelling (edema), and low levels of protein in the blood (hypoalbuminemia). SRNS can lead to kidney failure if left untreated. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications.

The symptoms of Idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) include:

- Swelling of the face, hands, feet, and abdomen
- High blood pressure
- Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine)
- Foamy urine
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Loss of appetite
- Itching
- Poor growth in children
- Increased risk of infection
- Anemia
- High cholesterol levels
- Abnormal blood clotting

The exact cause of idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Possible causes include mutations in certain genes, autoimmune disorders, and infections.

1. Corticosteroid therapy: This is the most common treatment for idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the kidneys.

2. Immunosuppressive therapy: This type of therapy uses drugs to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation. Common drugs used for this type of therapy include cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil.

3. Plasma exchange: This procedure involves removing the patient’s blood, separating out the plasma, and replacing it with donor plasma or a plasma substitute. This helps to reduce the amount of protein in the urine.

4. Rituximab: This is a monoclonal antibody that targets a specific type of

1. Age: Idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is most commonly seen in children between the ages of 2 and 6.

2. Gender: Boys are more likely to develop this condition than girls.

3. Family history: A family history of nephrotic syndrome increases the risk of developing this condition.

4. Ethnicity: African-American and Hispanic children are more likely to develop this condition than other ethnicities.

5. Infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis B and C, may increase the risk of developing this condition.

At this time, there is no cure for idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These medications include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, immunosuppressants, and calcineurin inhibitors. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as a low-salt diet, regular exercise, and stress management can help improve symptoms.