Idiopathic phalangeal acro-osteolysis (IPAO) is a rare disorder characterized by the progressive destruction of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes. It is an idiopathic condition, meaning that the cause is unknown. Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, and deformity of the affected digits. Treatment is typically supportive, with the goal of managing symptoms and preventing further damage.

The main symptom of Idiopathic phalangeal acro-osteolysis is the progressive destruction of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes. This can lead to pain, swelling, and deformity of the affected digits. Other symptoms may include joint stiffness, difficulty moving the affected digits, and a decrease in grip strength.

The exact cause of idiopathic phalangeal acro-osteolysis is unknown. However, some possible causes include genetic predisposition, autoimmune disorders, and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals or toxins.

1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation and pain.
2. Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.
3. Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength.
4. Splinting to protect the affected joints.
5. Surgery to remove the affected bone and joint.
6. Biologic agents such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors to reduce inflammation.
7. Immunosuppressants to reduce inflammation.
8. Vitamin D supplementation to improve bone health.

1. Genetic predisposition
2. Exposure to certain chemicals, such as arsenic, chromium, and nickel
3. Smoking
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity
6. Advanced age
7. Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
8. Chronic kidney disease
9. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
10. Rheumatoid arthritis

At this time, there is no known cure for idiopathic phalangeal acro-osteolysis. Treatment typically involves supportive care and medications to reduce inflammation and pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen are commonly used to reduce inflammation and pain. Corticosteroids may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation. Physical therapy may be recommended to help maintain joint mobility and strength. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct deformities or to remove damaged bone.