Familial median cleft of the upper and lower lips is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a vertical split in the middle of the upper and lower lips. It is caused by a genetic mutation and is usually present at birth. The cleft can range from mild to severe, and may involve the nose and/or the palate. Treatment typically involves reconstructive surgery to repair the cleft and improve the appearance of the lips.

The most common symptom of familial median cleft of the upper and lower lips is a cleft lip, which is a split or gap in the lip that can range from a small notch to a large opening. Other symptoms may include a cleft palate, a gap in the roof of the mouth, and/or a cleft chin, which is a small indentation in the chin. In some cases, the cleft may extend into the nose, causing a nasal deformity. Other associated symptoms may include hearing loss, speech difficulties, and dental problems.

The exact cause of familial median cleft of the upper and lower lips is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors may include mutations in certain genes, such as the PAX3 gene, which is involved in the development of facial structures. Environmental factors may include exposure to certain medications, toxins, or radiation during pregnancy.

Treatment for familial median cleft of the upper and lower lips typically involves a combination of surgical and non-surgical approaches. Surgical treatment typically involves a combination of lip and nose reconstruction, as well as orthodontic treatment to correct any malocclusion. Non-surgical treatment may include speech therapy, physical therapy, and psychological counseling. In some cases, prosthetic devices may be used to improve the appearance of the lips.

1. Family history of median cleft of the upper and lower lips
2. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
3. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
4. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
5. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy
6. Maternal diabetes
7. Maternal obesity
8. Maternal age over 35
9. Maternal malnutrition
10. Maternal infection during pregnancy

At this time, there is no known cure for familial median cleft of the upper and lower lips. However, there are several treatments available to help improve the appearance of the cleft. These include surgical procedures such as lip reconstruction, orthodontic treatment, and speech therapy. Additionally, there are medications available to help reduce the inflammation and discomfort associated with the condition.