Familial cavitary optic disc anomaly (FCODA) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the eyes. It is characterized by the presence of cavities in the optic disc, which is the area of the eye where the optic nerve enters the retina. These cavities can cause vision problems, including decreased visual acuity, reduced color vision, and decreased contrast sensitivity. FCODA is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disorder.

The most common symptom of familial cavitary optic disc anomaly is reduced vision in one or both eyes. Other symptoms may include:

• Blurred vision
• Loss of peripheral vision
• Poor night vision
• Difficulty seeing colors
• Poor depth perception
• Double vision
• Eye strain
• Headaches
• Eye fatigue
• Difficulty focusing

The exact cause of familial cavitary optic disc anomaly is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some research suggests that it may be caused by a mutation in the PAX6 gene, which is responsible for the development of the eye. Other possible causes include exposure to certain toxins, such as lead, or a viral infection.

There is no known treatment for familial cavitary optic disc anomaly. However, regular eye exams are recommended to monitor the condition and detect any changes in vision. If vision loss occurs, glasses or contact lenses may be prescribed to help improve vision. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to correct any structural abnormalities of the eye.

1. Family history of the condition
2. Genetic mutations
3. Age (more common in children)
4. Gender (more common in males)
5. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure

There is no known cure for Familial cavitary optic disc anomaly. However, there are medications that can be used to manage the symptoms associated with the condition. These medications include corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiglaucoma medications. Additionally, laser treatments may be used to reduce the risk of vision loss.