Duane retraction syndrome with congenital deafness is a rare disorder characterized by a combination of Duane retraction syndrome (a rare eye movement disorder) and congenital deafness. People with this disorder have limited eye movement, usually limited abduction (outward movement of the eye), and may have difficulty focusing on objects. They also have hearing loss that is present at birth.

The most common symptoms of Duane retraction syndrome with congenital deafness include:

-Abnormal eye movements, such as limited or absent eye movements in one or both eyes
-Strabismus (crossed eyes)
-Abnormal head position, such as tilting the head to one side
-Abnormal facial expressions
-Limited or absent ability to move the eyes inwards (adduction)
-Limited or absent ability to move the eyes outwards (abduction)
-Limited or absent ability to move the eyes up and down (elevation and depression)
-Congenital deafness

Duane retraction syndrome with congenital deafness is caused by a genetic mutation in the SALL4 gene. This gene is responsible for the development of the eye muscles and the inner ear. Mutations in this gene can lead to the abnormal development of the eye muscles, resulting in Duane retraction syndrome, as well as the abnormal development of the inner ear, resulting in congenital deafness.

1. Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for Duane retraction syndrome with congenital deafness. Surgery can be used to correct the misalignment of the eyes and to improve the range of eye movement.

2. Vision Therapy: Vision therapy can help improve eye coordination and eye movement. It can also help improve visual acuity and depth perception.

3. Hearing Aids: Hearing aids can be used to help improve hearing in those with congenital deafness.

4. Speech Therapy: Speech therapy can help improve communication skills and help those with Duane retraction syndrome with congenital deafness to better understand and use language.

5. Assistive Technology: Assistive technology can help those with Duane retraction syndrome with congenital deafness to better communicate and interact with their environment.

1. Family history of Duane retraction syndrome or congenital deafness
2. Maternal diabetes
3. Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy
4. Maternal alcohol or drug use during pregnancy
5. Maternal exposure to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy
6. Premature birth
7. Low birth weight
8. Genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities

Unfortunately, there is no cure for Duane retraction syndrome with congenital deafness. However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms. These include botulinum toxin injections to relax the eye muscles, corrective lenses, and surgery to reposition the eye muscles. Additionally, hearing aids can be used to help with the congenital deafness.