Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (also known as systemic sclerosis or scleroderma) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and internal organs. It is characterized by hardening and tightening of the skin, as well as damage to the blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. Symptoms may include Raynaud's phenomenon, joint pain, fatigue, and digestive problems. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.

Common symptoms of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis include:

- Raynaud's phenomenon (cold, painful fingers and toes)
- Swelling and tightening of the skin
- Joint Pain and stiffness
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue
- Digestive problems
- Heartburn
- Shortness of breath
- Dry eyes and mouth
- High blood pressure
- Kidney problems
- Calcium deposits in the skin
- Hair loss
- Abnormal nail growth
- Abnormal blood vessels in the skin

The exact cause of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis is unknown. However, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. Possible triggers for this autoimmune response include infections, environmental toxins, and genetic factors.

1. Medications:

- Immunosuppressants: These drugs help reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease. Examples include methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate mofetil.

- Corticosteroids: These drugs help reduce inflammation and can be used to treat skin and joint symptoms. Examples include prednisone and methylprednisolone.

- Vasodilators: These drugs help relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow. Examples include nifedipine and amlodipine.

- Antidepressants: These drugs can help reduce fatigue and improve mood. Examples include sertraline and fluoxetine.

2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve joint mobility and reduce pain.

3. Occupational Therapy:

1. Female gender
2. Age between 30-50
3. Family history of the disease
4. Exposure to certain environmental toxins
5. Smoking
6. Certain autoimmune diseases
7. Certain infections
8. Certain medications
9. Vitamin D deficiency
10. Low levels of certain hormones

There is no cure for diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, but there are medications that can help manage the symptoms. These include immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide and methotrexate, as well as medications to reduce inflammation, such as corticosteroids. Other medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, can help reduce the risk of organ damage. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also help improve mobility and reduce pain.