Congenital plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder that affects the body's ability to dissolve blood clots. People with this disorder have an abnormally low level of PAI-1, a protein that helps regulate the body's clotting process. Without enough PAI-1, the body is unable to dissolve clots, leading to an increased risk of bleeding and clotting problems. Symptoms of PAI-1 deficiency can include excessive bleeding, easy bruising, and recurrent blood clots. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce the risk of clotting and bleeding.

The symptoms of Congenital plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency vary from person to person, but may include:

-Frequent nosebleeds
-Easy bruising
-Excessive bleeding from cuts or injuries
-Heavy menstrual bleeding
-Blood in the urine or stool
-Joint Pain and swelling
-Delayed wound healing
-Recurrent infections
-Growth retardation
-Cerebral hemorrhage
-Retinal hemorrhage
-Cataracts
-Hematuria
-Hemoptysis
-Hemarthrosis

Congenital plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder caused by mutations in the SERPINE1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). PAI-1 is involved in the regulation of the body's clotting system, which helps to prevent excessive bleeding. Mutations in the SERPINE1 gene lead to a decrease in the amount of PAI-1 produced, which can cause excessive bleeding. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

1. Plasma exchange: This involves removing the patient's plasma and replacing it with donor plasma or a plasma substitute. This helps to reduce the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in the blood.

2. Anticoagulants: These medications help to prevent blood clots from forming. They can be taken orally or injected.

3. Fibrinolytic therapy: This involves using medications to break down existing blood clots.

4. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a clot or to repair a damaged blood vessel.

5. Gene therapy: This is a relatively new treatment option that involves introducing a healthy gene into the patient's cells to replace the defective gene that is causing the condition.

1. Family history of Congenital plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency
2. Maternal history of thrombosis
3. Maternal history of recurrent miscarriages
4. Maternal history of pre-eclampsia
5. Maternal history of antiphospholipid syndrome
6. Maternal history of diabetes
7. Maternal history of smoking
8. Maternal history of obesity
9. Maternal history of advanced maternal age
10. Maternal history of drug use

There is no cure for Congenital plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency, but medications can be used to manage symptoms. These medications include antifibrinolytic agents, such as tranexamic acid, and anticoagulants, such as warfarin. Additionally, physical therapy and lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding strenuous activities, can help reduce the risk of bleeding.