Congenital genu flexum is a condition in which the knee joint is bent more than normal. It is a congenital deformity, meaning it is present at birth. It is also known as knee flexion contracture or congenital knee flexion deformity. It is usually caused by a tightness in the muscles and tendons around the knee joint, which prevents the knee from straightening out.

The main symptom of congenital genu flexum is a visible bend in the knee when the leg is straightened. Other symptoms may include:

• Pain in the knee
• Difficulty walking
• Difficulty standing
• Difficulty running
• Difficulty climbing stairs
• Difficulty squatting
• Difficulty kneeling
• Difficulty jumping
• Limited range of motion in the knee
• Swelling in the knee
• Weakness in the knee

Congenital genu flexum is a condition in which the knee joint bends more than normal. It is caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Abnormal development of the knee joint during fetal development.

2. Abnormalities in the structure of the knee joint, such as a shallow femoral groove or a shallow patellar groove.

3. Abnormalities in the muscles and ligaments that support the knee joint.

4. Abnormalities in the growth plates of the bones that make up the knee joint.

5. Trauma to the knee joint, such as a fracture or dislocation.

6. Connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

7. Neuromuscular disorders, such as cerebral palsy.

1. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is the most common treatment for congenital genu flexum. Physical therapy can help to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve range of motion, and reduce pain.

2. Bracing: Bracing can help to support the knee and reduce the amount of stress placed on the joint.

3. Surgery: Surgery may be recommended in severe cases of congenital genu flexum. Surgery can help to realign the knee and reduce the amount of flexion.

4. Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help to reduce pain and inflammation.

The risk factors for Congenital genu flexum include:

1. Family history of the condition
2. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
3. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
4. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy
5. Maternal obesity during pregnancy
6. Maternal age over 35
7. Multiple pregnancies
8. Premature birth
9. Low birth weight
10. Exposure to certain medications during pregnancy

There is no cure for congenital genu flexum, but physical therapy and bracing can help to improve the range of motion in the knee. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. Surgery may be recommended in severe cases.