Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a rare genetic disorder in which a person is born with a female phenotype (physical appearance) but has XY chromosomes. People with CAIS are unable to respond to androgens (male hormones) due to a mutation in the androgen receptor gene. As a result, they have female external genitalia and are infertile. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy and psychological support.

The symptoms of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) vary from person to person, but may include:

-Underdeveloped or absent male genitalia
-Ambiguous genitalia
-Incomplete or absent puberty
-Primary amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods)
-Infertility
-No pubic or underarm hair
-No axillary (armpit) hair
-No male-pattern baldness
-Normal female body proportions
-Normal female breast development
-Normal female body fat distribution
-Normal female muscle mass
-Normal female body hair distribution
-Normal female voice
-Normal female external genitalia

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is caused by a mutation in the androgen receptor gene, which is located on the X chromosome. This mutation prevents the body from responding to androgens, which are hormones that play a role in male sexual development. As a result, individuals with CAIS have female external genitalia, but their internal reproductive organs are male.

The primary treatment for Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT involves taking estrogen and progesterone to replace the hormones that the body is not producing. This helps to reduce the symptoms of CAIS, such as infertility, and can also help to reduce the risk of developing certain cancers. Other treatments may include surgery to remove the testes, and psychological support to help with any emotional issues that may arise.

The primary risk factor for Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is a genetic mutation in the androgen receptor gene. This gene mutation is usually inherited from a parent, although it can also occur spontaneously. Other risk factors include a family history of CAIS, a history of infertility, and a history of undescended testes.

There is no cure for Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS). However, there are medications that can help manage the symptoms. These include hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to replace the missing hormones, and anti-androgens to block the effects of androgens. Additionally, surgery may be recommended to remove the internal reproductive organs.