Brachydactyly type A4 is a rare genetic disorder characterized by shortening of the middle phalanges of the fingers and toes. It is caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for the protein fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). People with this condition may also have short stature, a curved spine, and other skeletal abnormalities.

The symptoms of Brachydactyly type A4 include shortening of the middle phalanges of the fingers and toes, as well as a wide gap between the first and second phalanges. The nails may also be abnormally shaped, with the nail bed being wider than normal. In some cases, the thumb may be abnormally short and the index finger may be abnormally long.

Brachydactyly type A4 is caused by a genetic mutation in the gene that codes for the protein fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). This mutation results in the abnormal development of the bones in the hands and feet, leading to the characteristic shortening of the fingers and toes.

The treatments for Brachydactyly type A4 vary depending on the severity of the condition. Generally, treatment options include:

1. Splinting: Splinting can help to improve the range of motion of the affected fingers and toes.

2. Surgery: Surgery may be recommended to correct the deformity and improve the appearance of the affected digits.

3. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help to improve the strength and flexibility of the affected digits.

4. Orthotics: Orthotics can be used to help support the affected digits and improve their function.

5. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help to improve the ability to perform daily activities.

1. Family history of Brachydactyly type A4
2. Maternal diabetes
3. Maternal smoking
4. Maternal alcohol consumption
5. Maternal drug use
6. Maternal exposure to radiation
7. Maternal exposure to certain medications
8. Maternal malnutrition
9. Maternal obesity
10. Maternal age over 35

At this time, there is no known cure for Brachydactyly type A4. However, there are treatments available to help manage the condition. These include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and splinting. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to correct the deformity. Additionally, medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to help reduce pain and inflammation.