Basal encephalocele is a rare birth defect in which the brain and its covering (meninges) protrude through an opening in the skull. It is caused by a failure of the skull bones to close properly during fetal development. Symptoms may include seizures, developmental delays, and hydrocephalus. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the defect.

The most common symptoms of basal encephalocele include:

-A visible bulge or protrusion at the base of the skull
-Abnormal facial features, such as a cleft lip or palate
-Developmental delays
-Seizures
-Hearing loss
-Vision problems
-Hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain)
-Cranial nerve palsies (Weakness or Paralysis of the nerves that control facial muscles)
-Feeding difficulties
-Respiratory problems
-Cognitive impairments

Basal encephalocele is a rare birth defect caused by a failure of the neural tube to close properly during early fetal development. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including exposure to certain medications, infections, and toxins during pregnancy. Other possible causes include chromosomal abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies, and maternal health conditions.

1. Surgery: Surgery is the primary treatment for basal encephalocele. The goal of surgery is to close the opening in the skull and to repair any damage to the brain and surrounding tissue.

2. Medication: Medications may be prescribed to help reduce swelling and inflammation in the brain.

3. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve strength and coordination.

4. Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy may be recommended to help improve daily living skills.

5. Speech Therapy: Speech therapy may be recommended to help improve communication skills.

1. Premature birth
2. Low birth weight
3. Maternal diabetes
4. Maternal drug use
5. Maternal alcohol use
6. Maternal smoking
7. Maternal infection
8. Family history of neural tube defects
9. Exposure to certain medications or environmental toxins during pregnancy

At this time, there is no cure for basal encephalocele. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the defect, which can help reduce the risk of infection and improve the appearance of the affected area. Medications may be prescribed to help manage any associated symptoms, such as seizures or hydrocephalus.