Axenfeld anomaly is a rare eye disorder that affects the development of the eye. It is characterized by a thinning of the cornea, a malformation of the iris, and a hole in the iris. It can lead to glaucoma, cataracts, and vision loss.

The most common symptoms of Axenfeld anomaly include:

-Highly enlarged cornea
-Abnormalities in the iris, such as a hole or split in the iris
-Abnormalities in the trabecular meshwork, which can lead to increased pressure in the eye
-Cataracts
-Glaucoma
-Strabismus (crossed eyes)
-Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements)
-Reduced vision

Axenfeld anomaly is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the PAX6 gene. This gene is responsible for the development of the eye and is involved in the formation of the iris, lens, and cornea. Mutations in this gene can lead to a variety of eye abnormalities, including Axenfeld anomaly. Other causes of Axenfeld anomaly include chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy 13, and environmental factors, such as exposure to certain medications or toxins.

The primary treatment for Axenfeld anomaly is corrective surgery. This surgery is typically done in two stages. The first stage involves creating a new opening in the iris and suturing it to the sclera. The second stage involves creating a new opening in the trabecular meshwork and suturing it to the sclera. This allows for improved drainage of the aqueous humor and reduces intraocular pressure. In some cases, medications such as topical steroids and antiglaucoma medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and intraocular pressure. In severe cases, a glaucoma drainage device may be implanted to help reduce intraocular pressure.

The exact cause of Axenfeld anomaly is unknown, but it is thought to be a genetic disorder. Risk factors for Axenfeld anomaly include a family history of the condition, certain genetic mutations, and certain environmental factors.

At this time, there is no cure for Axenfeld anomaly. However, there are medications that can be used to manage the symptoms. These include topical steroids, cycloplegic agents, and antiglaucoma medications. Surgery may also be recommended in some cases.